Underpinning means to “Pin Under”. Pins of concrete or steel are placed under walls or footing to provide these elements additional support. Usually an “Underpinner” is called in after the existing foundations have failed or are about to fail, Some times the “Underpinner” is called to beef up existing footing load bearing capacity as new renovations above are going to add additional loads.
This type of work has significant risk involved hence the need for experienced professionals.
Usually starts with excavation to find the bottom of existing footings and then determine how deep we need to go to accommodate the needs we have. The soil profile will determine the way we go about the underpinning works as the methodology is quite different for sand, clay or below water table. We may need to shore up the soil, carry footings to rock or dig down to new levels for a basement.
Try and locate the bottom of footings or slab in the affected areas and start pumping in urethane foam through small holes in concrete slab or external wall footings, hoping any voids will be filled and cause an uplift pressure on footings or slab.
Typical sectional concrete underpin of walls to extend walls down.
You don’t have to get your hands dirty. Very little physical effort is involved.
It’s not invasive. Only small holes made to inject product through
It’s a quick process and a quick dollar
It does a great job of filling voids
Can quickly raise a slab to the desired level.
For a full list of advantages read the numerous engineering articles, blog/forum discussions and lab tests financed by the purveyors of these chemicals.
The installer is charging by the quantity of polyurethane used, so arbitrary estimated volumes one is quoted can often lead to a nasty surprise.
The product takes the route of least resistance so you will occasionally find it runs next door and fills the neighbour’s sewer pipe void. You can’t see where the product is going and you are paying for it
The product takes a while to react and gas to expand so over lifting damage can occur
The product shrinks over time. It may shrink 25% over a month. Some even more where the operator doesn’t get the correct mix at the right temperature
Polyurethane is toxic and highly flammable. It is promoted as environmentally friendly.
You get a fixed price quotation upfront.
The physical underpin products of concrete and steel are relatively inert
The methodology of underpinning is to transfer the house footings load to a much deeper level where the soil has good bearing capacity and is uninfluenced by soil moisture variations. The methodology of the foam injection is to pressurize the poor surface soils for a quick fix forgetting that the poor soil will continue to compress/subside over time and still be affected by moisture fluctuations
You can do a controlled jacking of foundations if required.
Is invasive, makes a mess and requires a lot of physical effort to get the job done.
The only constant appears to be that the chemical companies are continuously reformulating and adding new names – without any clear declarations of the reformulated results. So while the chemical companies may talk about improved performance, the 2% shrinkage number is still their printed claim. In reality take your chances.
Read the following references for health ramification of urethane, mandatory product data sheets, and experiences of customers using urethane
https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1986.pdf
https://www.epoxysupplies.com.au/image/catalog/AAAMISCJ/SDS%20500T%20Tetrathane.pdf
https://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1519680.pdf